The Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), has become a worldwide pandemic and the scientific communities are struggling to find out the ultimate treatment strategies against this lethal virus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus–2 (SARS-CoV-2). Presently, there is no potential chemically proven antiviral therapy available in the market which can effectively combat the infection caused by this deadly virus. Few vaccines are already developed but it is not clear to the scientific community how much efficient they are to combat SARS-CoV-2. Mode of transmission and symptoms of the disease are two important factors in this regard. Rapid diagnosis of the COVID-19 is very much important to stop its spreading. In this scenario, a complete study starting from symptoms of the disease to vaccine development including various SARS-CoV-2 detection techniques is very much required. In this review article, we have made a partial analysis on the origin, virology, global health, detection techniques, replication pathways, doses, mode of actions of probable drugs, and vaccine development for SARS-CoV-2.
Novel Coronaviruses (nCoVs); World Health Organization; MERS-CoV; SARS-CoV; RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
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Agostini ML, Andres EL, Sims AC, Graham RL, Sheahan TP, et al. Coronavirus susceptibility to the antiviral remdesivir (GS-5734) is mediated by the viral polymerase and the proofreading exoribonuclease. MBio.2018; 9: e00221-00218. PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29511076/
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Adedeji AO, Singh K, Calcaterra NE, DeDiego ML, Enjuanes L, et al. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus replication inhibitor that interferes with the nucleic acid unwinding of the viral helicase. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. 2012; 56: 4718-4728. PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22733076/
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Gautret P, Lagier JC, Parola P, Hoang VT, Meddeb L, et al. .Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020; 105949. PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32205204/
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Zarogoulidis P, Papanas N, Kioumis I, Chatzaki E, Maltezos E, et al. Macrolides: from in vitro anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties to clinical practice in respiratory diseases. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2012; 68: 479-503. PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22105373/
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Richardson P, Griffin I, Tucker C, Smith D, Oechsle O, et al. Baricitinib as potential treatment for 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease. Lancet. 2020; 395: e30-e31. PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32032529/
Iranbakhsh A. Potential applications of Plant Biotechnology against SARS-CoV-2. Iranian J Biol. 2021; 4: 89-98.
Genovese MC, Fleischmann R, Kivitz AJ, Rell‐Bakalarska M, Martincova R, et al. Sarilumab plus methotrexate in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis and inadequate response to methotrexate: results of a phase III study. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2015; 67: 1424-1437. PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25733246/
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